Moment 1: Introduction to Kidney Anatomy (Estimation: 15 minutes)
Begin the class by introducing the topic of kidney anatomy. Use visuals such as diagrams or 3D models to illustrate the basic structure of the kidneys. Highlight key components such as the cortex, medulla, nephrons, and renal pelvis. Allow students to ask questions and clarify any misconceptions. It's important that you ensure students are comfortable with the terminology and basic functions before moving on.

Moment 2: Interactive Lecture on Kidney Functions (Estimation: 20 minutes)
Lead an interactive lecture on the physiological functions of the kidneys, including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. Engage students by asking them to predict what might happen if a kidney stops functioning properly. Encourage students to make connections with previous biology knowledge and real-life examples. Observe if students can relate to the information, and be ready to adjust explanations based on their prior understanding.

Moment 3: Group Activity - Kidney Model Construction (Estimation: 15 minutes)
Divide the class into small groups and provide materials for them to build a simple model of a kidney using craft supplies. This hands-on activity helps consolidate their understanding of kidney anatomy. Roam the classroom to assist and provide guidance as needed. Allow the students to explain their model to their peers, fostering leadership and collaborative skills. Evaluate this by observing group dynamics and the accuracy of models in representing kidney components.

Moment 4: Reflection and Q&A Session (Estimation: 10 minutes)
Conclude with a reflection session where students discuss what they learned and how it applies to health sciences. Encourage students to ask questions and express any remaining uncertainties. This Q&A session is crucial for addressing any gaps in understanding. Use this time to evaluate their grasp of foundational concepts and their ability to articulate thoughts critically. Ensure every student has the opportunity to participate, promoting an inclusive environment.

Strategies for Inclusion and Accessibility:
For classes with visually impaired students, ensure all diagrams and visual aids are accompanied by detailed verbal descriptions. Consider using tactile models for the kidney construction activity, allowing these students to engage with the material using touch. Encourage all students to communicate clearly and effectively, supporting peers who might need extra time or explanation. Collaborate with school inclusion resources to acquire or create accessible materials. Empower all students to contribute to discussions, recognizing diverse perspectives and encouraging a supportive classroom environment.

Moment 1: Introduction to Case Study Analysis (Duration: 10 minutes)
Begin the class by introducing the concept of clinical case studies and their relevance in understanding kidney functions in real-life scenarios. Explain how simulation tools will be used to analyze these cases. Engage students in a brief discussion to connect the previous lesson's knowledge with this practical application. It's important that students grasp the objectives and are prepared to approach the case studies analytically. Observe if they understand the relevance of this exercise in health sciences.

Moment 2: Simulation Tool Demonstration (Duration: 15 minutes)
Demonstrate how to use the selected digital simulation tools. Use projection equipment to show features of the tool, such as data inputs and outputs, and how to manipulate variables. Allow students to ask questions and provide clear verbal instructions to ensure everyone is comfortable with the technology. Encourage students to think about what data might indicate a malfunctioning kidney, facilitating their critical thinking. Confirm students' understanding by asking them to summarize tool usage steps.

Moment 3: Group Case Study Analysis (Duration: 25 minutes)
Organize students into small groups and assign each group a different case study within the simulation tool. Guide the groups as they analyze the provided data, encouraging them to identify the key indicators of kidney health and any anomalies present. Encourage students to use critical thinking and collaborative skills to discuss potential outcomes and recommendations. Rotate among groups, providing insights and addressing questions as needed. Evaluate their progress through observation, focusing on teamwork and analytical abilities.

Moment 4: Group Presentations and Feedback (Duration: 10 minutes)
Conclude the class by having each group present their case study findings to the class. Allow time for questions and feedback from peers and yourself. Emphasize the importance of clear communication and evidence-based reasoning in their presentations. Use this time to assess students' comprehension of physiological concepts and their ability to articulate their analysis. Encourage each group to reflect on their decision-making process and interdisciplinary connections made.

Strategies for Inclusion and Accessibility:
For students who may struggle with technology, provide written instructions or a peer buddy for assistance during simulation activities. Utilize the software's accessibility features, enabling larger text or voice commands if available. Ensure all students feel included by encouraging questions and providing additional assistance where necessary. Foster an environment where diverse thoughts are respected, and every student feels empowered to contribute to discussions.

Moment 1: Introduction and Group Formation (Estimation: 10 minutes)
Start by introducing the objective of the group discussion, focusing on synthesizing findings from the previous case study analysis. Encourage students to recall key insights and observations they made. Form student groups, ensuring a mix of skills and perspectives in each group. Provide clear instructions on the goal of the discussion, which is to collaboratively create a summary of their findings and prepare a presentation.

Moment 2: Group Discussion and Analysis (Estimation: 30 minutes)
Facilitate the group discussions, allowing students to consolidate their thoughts on kidney functions and related health implications. Move around the room to offer guidance and ensure all students are participating. Encourage them to use their notes and simulation data as evidence in their discussions. Intervene if any group is struggling to stay on topic or reach consensus. Assess participation and depth of discussion by observing and asking probing questions to individual groups.

Moment 3: Presentation Preparation (Estimation: 10 minutes)
Direct each group to prepare a brief presentation of their synthesized findings. Encourage the students to use visual aids or data from their simulation tools. Guide them to ensure clarity and logical flow in their presentations. Offer assistance in organizing their thoughts, and encourage them to consider what points would be most illuminating for their peers.

Moment 4: Group Presentations and Reflection (Estimation: 10 minutes)
Facilitate the presentation sessions, allowing each group to present their findings. Encourage classmates to ask questions and provide constructive feedback. After the presentations, lead a reflection session where students discuss what they learned from each other’s perspectives and how these insights might apply to real-world situations. Evaluate their ability to communicate effectively and synthesize information through their presentations and feedback exchange.

Estratégies de inclusão e acessibilidade:
Ensure all students have the opportunity to express their thoughts during group discussions and presentations. For students who might be more introverted, encourage a respectful environment where every opinion is valued. Be ready to help groups with quieter members by suggesting roles such as note-taker or presenter to encourage participation. Make sure to check that any visual aids are clear and legible to all students, and offer alternatives such as verbal restatements of key points. Encourage a culture of respect and patience during discussions, emphasizing the importance of diverse perspectives.